Linux运维简要笔记📒

1.1 Linux 终端变成-bash-4.2$解决办法

原因：用户user的家目录下文件丢失导致，缺少下面2个文件bash_profile bashrc

1、切换到有故障的用户
su - user

2、复制/etc/skel 里面的模板到当前用户
cp /etc/skel/.bash*  ~

exit重新切换即可！

1.2 dockerhub 加速地址

🤣总有一个有用

bash

{
  "registry-mirrors": [
    "https://docker.hpcloud.cloud",
    "https://docker.m.daocloud.io",
    "https://docker.mybacc.com",
    "https://docker.1panel.live",
    "http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn",
    "https://docker.chenby.cn",
    "http://mirror.azure.cn",
    "https://dockerpull.org",
    "https://dockerhub.icu",
    "https://hub.rat.dev",
    "https://proxy.1panel.live",
    "https://docker.1panel.top",
    "https://docker.m.daocloud.io",
    "https://docker.1ms.run",
    "https://docker.ketches.cn"
  ]
}

1.3 MacOS下Homebrew国内镜像加速配置

bash

#查看当前使用的是哪种SHELl
echo $SHELl

#修改对应的SHELl配置文件
vim ~/.bash_profile  # bash用户
vim ~/.zshrc         # zsh用户（推荐）

然后在文件末尾添加如下配置：

bash

# 🍺 Homebrew国内镜像加速配置
# 推荐使用USTC或清华镜像，阿里镜像git clone可能有问题

export HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/brew.git"
export HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-core.git"
export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN="https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles"

# 🎯 最新brew API国内加速（关键配置）
export HOMEBREW_API_DOMAIN="https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/api"

# 🤫 隐藏环境变量提示
export HOMEBREW_NO_ENV_HINTS="1"

保存并退出后，使配置生效：

bash

source ~/.bash_profile
# 或者
source ~/.zshrc

配置完成后，你再运行brew安装指令，将感受到飞一般的畅快体验！🎉

bash

brew install telnet

1.4查看一个命名空间下所有pod 的报错日志

bash

kubectl get pod -n paas-ec | grep -v NAME | awk '{print $1}' | xargs -I {} sh -c 'printf "\e[1;7mLogs for Pod {}:\e[0m\n" && kubectl logs --tail=50 -n paas-ec {} | grep -i -C 10 error'

1.5 ubuntu22.04开启root用户登录

设置 root 用户的密码

bash

sudo passwd root

配置允许 root 用户直接登录

bash

vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
#找到相应代码行并注释
#PermitRootLogin prohibit-password

#加上
PermitRootLogin yes

重启 ssh 服务

bash

service ssh restart

1.6 linux下查看网址经过路由的命令

bash

traceroute www.163.com
traceroute 114.114.114.114

centos/openeuler 系统上安装traceroute命令

bash

yum install traceroute

ubuntu 系统上安装traceroute命令

bash

apt install traceroute

1.7 centos7.9 软件仓库镜像加速

DANGER

CentOS 7 已于 2024 年 6 月 30 日结束维护，建议立即迁移到其他解决方案。如有需要继续使用 CentOS，请查阅 CentOS Vault 帮助。

阿里云 CentOS Vault 镜像加速

bash

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo << 'EOF'

[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os&infra=$infra
baseurl=https://mirror.nju.edu.cn/centos-vault/7.9.2009/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#released updates 
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates&infra=$infra
baseurl=https://mirror.nju.edu.cn/centos-vault/7.9.2009/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras&infra=$infra
baseurl=https://mirror.nju.edu.cn/centos-vault/7.9.2009/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus&infra=$infra
baseurl=https://mirror.nju.edu.cn/centos-vault/7.9.2009/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
EOF

南大 CentOS Vault 镜像加速

bash

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo << 'EOF'

[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os&infra=$infra
baseurl=https://mirror.nju.edu.cn/centos-vault/7.9.2009/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#released updates 
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates&infra=$infra
baseurl=https://mirror.nju.edu.cn/centos-vault/7.9.2009/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras&infra=$infra
baseurl=https://mirror.nju.edu.cn/centos-vault/7.9.2009/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus&infra=$infra
baseurl=https://mirror.nju.edu.cn/centos-vault/7.9.2009/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
EOF

1.8 vcenter SSL证书过期时间

最简单解决步骤： 1.ssh登录vcenter server后台，用户名root，密码和控制台的administrator管理员密码相同，长期不登录可能会提示你密码过期需要更新。 2.输入shell，然后使用date -s 20241010这样的命令修改日期到证书过期前即可不需要很准确。 3.再次登录vCenter Client，现在可以登录进去了。 4.进入菜单，系统管理-证书-证书管理，可以看到右侧的ssl证书已经过期了，点击操作中的续订即可。 5.回到之前的命令行输入“service-control --restart vpxd”重启vCenter Server服务后即恢复正常。

1.9 rocky linux: 禁止使用root登录ssh，只允许指定用户登录

先创建指定用户，并设置密码

bash

useradd srebro
passwd srebro

配置ssh

bash

[root@img ~]# vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
#设置PermitRootLogin值为no
#PermitRootLogin yes
PermitRootLogin no

#新增一行: 只允许 srebro 用户登录
AllowUsers srebro

检测配置是否正确，并重启 ssh

bash

sshd -t
systemctl restart sshd

1.10 nacos 启动后报错，Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: No DataSource set

现象： nacos 在运行好长一段时间后，突然无法启动；报错 Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: No DataSource set

bash

nacos  | 2025-12-04 22:44:39,153 ERROR Application run failed
nacos  | 
nacos  | org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'memoryMonitor' defined in URL [jar:file:/home/nacos/target/nacos-server.jar!/BOOT-INF/lib/nacos-config-2.2.0.jar!/com/alibaba/nacos/config/server/monitor/MemoryMonitor.class]: Unsatisfied dependency expressed through constructor parameter 0; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'asyncNotifyService': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'dumpService'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'externalDumpService': Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is ErrCode:500, ErrMsg:Nacos Server did not start because dumpservice bean construction failure :
nacos  | No DataSource set
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.createArgumentArray(ConstructorResolver.java:800)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.autowireConstructor(ConstructorResolver.java:229)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireConstructor(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1372)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1222)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:582)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:542)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:335)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:234)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:333)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:208)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:953)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:918)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:583)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.refresh(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:145)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:745)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:420)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:307)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1317)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1306)
nacos  |        at com.alibaba.nacos.Nacos.main(Nacos.java:35)
nacos  |        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
nacos  |        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
nacos  |        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
nacos  |        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.boot.loader.MainMethodRunner.run(MainMethodRunner.java:49)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.boot.loader.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:108)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.boot.loader.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:58)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.boot.loader.PropertiesLauncher.main(PropertiesLauncher.java:467)
nacos  | Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'asyncNotifyService': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'dumpService'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'externalDumpService': Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is ErrCode:500, ErrMsg:Nacos Server did not start because dumpservice bean construction failure :
nacos  | No DataSource set
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.resolveFieldValue(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:659)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:639)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:119)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessProperties(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:399)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1431)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:619)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:542)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:335)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:234)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:333)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:208)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.config.DependencyDescriptor.resolveCandidate(DependencyDescriptor.java:276)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1389)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1309)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.resolveAutowiredArgument(ConstructorResolver.java:887)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.createArgumentArray(ConstructorResolver.java:791)
nacos  |        ... 27 common frames omitted
nacos  | Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'externalDumpService': Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is ErrCode:500, ErrMsg:Nacos Server did not start because dumpservice bean construction failure :
nacos  | No DataSource set
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InitDestroyAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessBeforeInitialization(InitDestroyAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:160)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:440)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1796)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:620)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:542)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:335)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:234)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:333)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:208)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.config.DependencyDescriptor.resolveCandidate(DependencyDescriptor.java:276)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1389)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1309)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.resolveFieldValue(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:656)
nacos  |        ... 42 common frames omitted
nacos  | Caused by: com.alibaba.nacos.api.exception.NacosException: Nacos Server did not start because dumpservice bean construction failure :
nacos  | No DataSource set
nacos  |        at com.alibaba.nacos.config.server.service.dump.DumpService.dumpOperate(DumpService.java:260)
nacos  |        at com.alibaba.nacos.config.server.service.dump.ExternalDumpService.init(ExternalDumpService.java:61)
nacos  |        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
nacos  |        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
nacos  |        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
nacos  |        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InitDestroyAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$LifecycleElement.invoke(InitDestroyAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:389)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InitDestroyAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$LifecycleMetadata.invokeInitMethods(InitDestroyAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:333)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InitDestroyAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessBeforeInitialization(InitDestroyAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:157)
nacos  |        ... 54 common frames omitted
nacos  | Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: No DataSource set
nacos  |        at org.springframework.util.Assert.state(Assert.java:76)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.jdbc.support.JdbcAccessor.obtainDataSource(JdbcAccessor.java:86)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate.execute(JdbcTemplate.java:376)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate.query(JdbcTemplate.java:465)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate.query(JdbcTemplate.java:475)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate.queryForObject(JdbcTemplate.java:508)
nacos  |        at org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate.queryForObject(JdbcTemplate.java:515)
nacos  |        at com.alibaba.nacos.config.server.service.repository.extrnal.ExternalConfigInfoPersistServiceImpl.findConfigMaxId(ExternalConfigInfoPersistServiceImpl.java:616)
nacos  |        at com.alibaba.nacos.config.server.service.dump.processor.DumpAllProcessor.process(DumpAllProcessor.java:51)
nacos  |        at com.alibaba.nacos.config.server.service.dump.DumpService.dumpConfigInfo(DumpService.java:317)
nacos  |        at com.alibaba.nacos.config.server.service.dump.DumpService.dumpOperate(DumpService.java:230)
nacos  |        ... 62 common frames omitted
nacos  | 2025-12-04 22:44:39,157 WARN [ThreadPoolManager] Start destroying ThreadPool
nacos  |

解决方法：

看了网络上很多方案，有说在启动参数里加上 allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true , 但我测试后发现都不管用；我最终是把 mysql8 中的 nacos 用户，指定密码插件为mysql_native_password。

bash

## 修改用户的密码插件为mysql_native_password，并设置密码
ALTER USER 'nacos'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'xxxxxxx';

关于 nacos 的部署，可参考： https://blog.srebro.cn/archives/90

1.11 nvm 报错try `nvm ls-remote` to browse available versions.

问题现象：前端在使用 nvm 切换 node 版本的时候，报错： try nvm ls-remote to browse available versions.
大概率是https://nodejs.org/ 挂了
解决方法：配置node 其他站点的加速，比如https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/node

(macOS/Linux)：添加到你的 Shell 配置文件 (~/.zshrc 或 ~/.bashrc 或 /etc/profile)

bash

vim /etc/profile
#加速nvm
export NVM_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/node

source /etc/profile

windows 在 nvm 的安装目录（如 C:\Users<用户名>\AppData\Roaming\nvm）下找到 settings.txt 文件，添加

bash

node_mirror: https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/node/
npm_mirror: https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/npm/

1.12 cpu 压力测试脚本+工具

cpu 压力测试脚本，使用方法： ./cpu_stress_fast.sh [持续时间(秒)] [负载强度百分比]

bash

#!/bin/bash
# CPU负载压力测试脚本 - 快速提升版
# 用法: ./cpu_stress_fast.sh [持续时间(秒)] [负载强度百分比]

# 捕获中断信号
trap 'cleanup' INT TERM EXIT

cleanup() {
    echo -e "\n[中断] 清理进程..."
    # 杀死所有负载进程
    pkill -f "stress_cpu" 2>/dev/null
    # 杀死所有无限循环进程
    pids=$(jobs -p)
    if [ -n "$pids" ]; then
        kill -9 $pids 2>/dev/null
    fi
    echo "所有进程已终止"
    exit 0
}

# 显示帮助
show_help() {
    echo "========================================"
    echo "CPU负载快速压力测试脚本"
    echo "========================================"
    echo "用法: $0 [持续时间(秒)] [负载强度百分比]"
    echo ""
    echo "示例:"
    echo "  $0 300 100    # 5分钟，100%负载"
    echo "  $0 60 80      # 1分钟，80%负载"
    echo "  $0 120        # 2分钟，100%负载（默认）"
    echo ""
    echo "特点:"
    echo "  - 快速达到目标负载"
    echo "  - 更精确的负载控制"
    echo "  - 实时显示CPU使用率"
    echo "========================================"
    exit 0
}

if [ "$1" = "-h" ] || [ "$1" = "--help" ]; then
    show_help
fi

# 参数设置
DURATION=${1:-120}
INTENSITY=${2:-100}
CPU_CORES=$(nproc 2>/dev/null || echo 4)

if ! [[ "$DURATION" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] || [ $DURATION -le 0 ]; then
    echo "错误: 持续时间必须是正整数"
    exit 1
fi

if ! [[ "$INTENSITY" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] || [ $INTENSITY -lt 1 ] || [ $INTENSITY -gt 100 ]; then
    echo "错误: 负载强度必须是1-100之间的整数"
    exit 1
fi

echo ""
echo "========================================"
echo "CPU负载快速压力测试"
echo "========================================"
echo "系统信息:"
echo "  CPU核心数: $CPU_CORES"
echo "  当前时间: $(date '+%H:%M:%S')"
echo "  当前负载: $(uptime | awk -F'load average:' '{print $2}')"
echo ""
echo "测试参数:"
echo "  持续时间: $DURATION 秒"
echo "  目标强度: $INTENSITY%"
echo "  进程策略: 每个核心启动 2-4 个进程"
echo "========================================"
echo ""

# 计算需要启动的进程数（更激进，更快达到高负载）
if [ $INTENSITY -eq 100 ]; then
    # 100%负载：每个核心启动2个进程，产生更多竞争
    NUM_PROCESSES=$((CPU_CORES * 2))
    echo "模式: 满负载模式 (每个核心2个竞争进程)"
else
    # 非100%负载：每个核心启动4个进程，通过工作-休眠控制强度
    NUM_PROCESSES=$((CPU_CORES * 4))
    echo "模式: 可控负载模式 (每个核心4个进程)"
fi

echo "启动进程数: $NUM_PROCESSES"
echo "预计启动时间: 2-3秒"
echo ""

# 显示初始负载
echo "当前系统负载:"
uptime
echo ""

# 显示倒计时
echo "测试将在3秒后开始..."
for i in {3..1}; do
    echo -n "$i... "
    sleep 1
done
echo "启动!"
echo ""

# 获取开始时间
START_TIME=$(date +%s)
END_TIME=$((START_TIME + DURATION))

# 函数：显示实时CPU使用率（后台运行）
show_cpu_usage() {
    echo "监控CPU使用率（每2秒刷新）:"
    echo "按 Ctrl+C 终止测试和监控"
    echo ""
    while true; do
        local current_time=$(date +%s)
        if [ $current_time -ge $END_TIME ]; then
            break
        fi
        local remaining=$((END_TIME - current_time))
        local mins=$((remaining / 60))
        local secs=$((remaining % 60))
        
        # 获取CPU使用率
        local cpu_usage=$(top -bn1 | grep "Cpu(s)" | awk '{print $2}' | cut -d'%' -f1)
        
        # 获取负载平均值
        local load_avg=$(uptime | awk -F'load average:' '{print $2}' | tr -d ' ')
        
        # 获取CPU温度（如果可用）
        local temp="N/A"
        if command -v sensors >/dev/null 2>&1; then
            temp=$(sensors 2>/dev/null | grep -E "Core|Package" | head -1 | awk '{print $3}' | tr -d '+°C') || temp="N/A"
        fi
        
        echo -ne "时间: $(date '+%H:%M:%S') | 剩余: ${mins}:$(printf "%02d" $secs) | CPU: ${cpu_usage}% | 负载: ${load_avg} | 温度: ${temp}°C   \r"
        sleep 2
    done
}

# 在后台启动监控
show_cpu_usage &
MONITOR_PID=$!

# 函数：快速CPU负载生成器（使用C编译的小程序）
generate_fast_load() {
    local intensity=$1
    local pid=$2
    
    # 内联C代码，编译为小型可执行文件
    cat > /tmp/stress_cpu_$pid.c << 'EOF'
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/time.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    if (argc != 3) {
        fprintf(stderr, "用法: %s <强度(0-100)> <持续时间(秒)>\n", argv[0]);
        return 1;
    }
    
    int intensity = atoi(argv[1]);
    int duration = atoi(argv[2]);
    long work_ns, sleep_ns;
    
    if (intensity <= 0 || intensity > 100) {
        fprintf(stderr, "强度必须在1-100之间\n");
        return 1;
    }
    
    // 计算工作时间和休眠时间（100毫秒周期）
    work_ns = 100000000L * intensity / 100;  // 100ms = 100,000,000ns
    sleep_ns = 100000000L - work_ns;
    
    struct timespec work_time, sleep_time, start_time, current_time;
    clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &start_time);
    
    work_time.tv_sec = work_ns / 1000000000;
    work_time.tv_nsec = work_ns % 1000000000;
    
    sleep_time.tv_sec = sleep_ns / 1000000000;
    sleep_time.tv_nsec = sleep_ns % 1000000000;
    
    while (1) {
        clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &current_time);
        if (current_time.tv_sec - start_time.tv_sec >= duration) {
            break;
        }
        
        // 工作阶段
        if (work_ns > 0) {
            struct timespec target_time;
            clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &target_time);
            target_time.tv_nsec += work_ns;
            if (target_time.tv_nsec >= 1000000000) {
                target_time.tv_sec += 1;
                target_time.tv_nsec -= 1000000000;
            }
            
            // 忙等待循环
            struct timespec now;
            do {
                clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
            } while (now.tv_sec < target_time.tv_sec || 
                    (now.tv_sec == target_time.tv_sec && now.tv_nsec < target_time.tv_nsec));
        }
        
        // 休眠阶段
        if (sleep_ns > 0) {
            nanosleep(&sleep_time, NULL);
        }
    }
    
    return 0;
}
EOF
    
    # 编译并运行
    gcc -o /tmp/stress_cpu_$pid /tmp/stress_cpu_$pid.c 2>/dev/null
    if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
        /tmp/stress_cpu_$pid $intensity $DURATION >/dev/null 2>&1
        rm -f /tmp/stress_cpu_$pid /tmp/stress_cpu_$pid.c
    else
        # 如果编译失败，使用纯bash方法（较慢）
        local end_time=$(( $(date +%s) + DURATION ))
        local work_ms=$((10 * intensity))  # 10ms周期中的工作时间
        local sleep_ms=$((10 - work_ms / 10))
        
        while [ $(date +%s) -lt $end_time ]; do
            if [ $work_ms -gt 0 ]; then
                local start_ns=$(date +%s%N)
                local target_ns=$((start_ns + work_ms * 1000000))
                while [ $(date +%s%N) -lt $target_ns ]; do
                    :  # 忙等待
                done
            fi
            
            if [ $sleep_ms -gt 0 ]; then
                sleep 0.$(printf "%03d" $sleep_ms)
            fi
        done
    fi
}

# 启动负载进程
echo "启动负载进程..."
PIDS=""

if [ $INTENSITY -eq 100 ]; then
    # 100%负载：简单的无限循环
    echo "使用无限循环模式 (100%负载)"
    for i in $(seq 1 $NUM_PROCESSES); do
        (
            # 使用数学计算增加CPU压力
            while true; do
                # 增加一些计算量，让CPU更忙
                for j in {1..1000}; do
                    result=$(echo "scale=1000; 4*a(1)" | bc -l 2>/dev/null)
                done
            done
        ) &
        PIDS="$PIDS $!"
        echo -n "."
    done
else
    # 可控负载：使用快速负载生成器
    echo "使用可控负载模式 ($INTENSITY%强度)"
    for i in $(seq 1 $NUM_PROCESSES); do
        generate_fast_load $INTENSITY $$ &
        PIDS="$PIDS $!"
        echo -n "."
    done
fi

echo ""
echo "已启动 $NUM_PROCESSES 个进程"
echo "负载开始提升..."

# 等待指定时间
echo ""
echo "测试进行中，请查看上方实时监控信息..."
echo "按 Ctrl+C 提前终止测试"
echo ""

sleep $DURATION

# 测试结束
echo ""
echo "========================================"
echo "测试完成!"
echo "========================================"
echo "结束时间: $(date '+%H:%M:%S')"
echo "持续时间: $DURATION 秒"
echo "最终负载: $(uptime | awk -F'load average:' '{print $2}')"

# 清理进程
cleanup

# 等待监控进程结束
wait $MONITOR_PID 2>/dev/null

echo "测试完成！系统负载将逐渐恢复正常"

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303

cpu 压力测试工具使用方法：

bash

# 安装stress-ng
sudo apt-get install stress-ng

# 快速产生高负载（使用所有CPU核心）
stress-ng --cpu 0 --cpu-method all --timeout 300s

# 监控命令
while true; do clear; uptime; mpstat -P ALL 1 1 | tail -n +4; sleep 2; done

1.13 docker 查看容器数据卷文件大小排序

bash


for container in `docker ps | tail -n +2 | awk '{print $1}'`; do
  vol=`docker inspect $container | jq .[].GraphDriver.Data.WorkDir`
  directory=${vol:1:-6}
  size=`du -sh $directory | awk '{print $1}'`
  printf "%-15s %-10s %s\n" $container $size $directory
done | sort -k2 -h -r

OpenEuler

操作系统优化&安全问题

Jenkins 常规配置&插件管理

Jenkins 优秀插件讲解

Jenkins Pipeline 必知必会

Gitlab代码库&Jenkins集成

构建工具与Jenkins集成实践

Jenkins&Sonarqube集成

Jenkins小技巧

K8s部署文档

Etcd

Linux运维简要笔记📒

1.1 Linux 终端变成-bash-4.2$解决办法

1.2 dockerhub 加速地址

1.3 MacOS下Homebrew国内镜像加速配置

1.4查看一个命名空间下所有pod 的报错日志

1.5 ubuntu22.04开启root用户登录

1.6 linux下查看网址经过路由的命令

1.7 centos7.9 软件仓库镜像加速

1.8 vcenter SSL证书过期时间

1.9 rocky linux: 禁止使用root登录ssh，只允许指定用户登录

1.10 nacos 启动后报错，Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: No DataSource set

1.11 nvm 报错try `nvm ls-remote` to browse available versions.

1.12 cpu 压力测试脚本+工具

1.13 docker 查看容器数据卷文件大小排序

Jenkins 优秀插件讲解

Linux运维简要笔记📒 ​

1.1 Linux 终端 变成-bash-4.2$解决办法 ​

1.2 dockerhub 加速地址 ​

1.3 MacOS下Homebrew国内镜像加速配置 ​

1.4查看一个命名空间下所有pod 的报错日志 ​

1.5 ubuntu22.04开启root用户登录 ​

1.6 linux下查看网址经过路由的命令 ​

1.7 centos7.9 软件仓库镜像加速 ​

1.8 vcenter SSL证书过期时间 ​

1.9 rocky linux: 禁止使用root登录ssh，只允许指定用户登录 ​

1.10 nacos 启动后报错，Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: No DataSource set ​

1.11 nvm 报错try nvm ls-remote to browse available versions. ​

1.12 cpu 压力测试脚本+工具 ​

1.13 docker 查看容器数据卷文件大小排序 ​

Linux运维简要笔记📒

1.1 Linux 终端变成-bash-4.2$解决办法

1.2 dockerhub 加速地址

1.3 MacOS下Homebrew国内镜像加速配置

1.4查看一个命名空间下所有pod 的报错日志

1.5 ubuntu22.04开启root用户登录

1.6 linux下查看网址经过路由的命令

1.7 centos7.9 软件仓库镜像加速

1.8 vcenter SSL证书过期时间

1.9 rocky linux: 禁止使用root登录ssh，只允许指定用户登录

1.10 nacos 启动后报错，Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: No DataSource set

1.11 nvm 报错try `nvm ls-remote` to browse available versions.

1.12 cpu 压力测试脚本+工具

1.13 docker 查看容器数据卷文件大小排序